ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate whether administration of IH901, a ginseng intestinal metabolite, ameliorates exercise-induced oxidative stress while preserving antioxidant defense capability in rat skeletal muscles and lung. Eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats per group were randomly assigned to the resting control, exercise control, resting with IH901 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) consumption (R/IH901), or exercise with IH901 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) consumption (E/IH901) group. The trained groups ran 35 min 2 days/week for 8 weeks. To analyze the IH901-training interaction, serum biochemical analysis, lipid peroxidation, citrate synthase, protein oxidation, antioxidant and superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscles and lung tissue were measured. Compared to the exercise control group, animals that consumed IH901 had significantly increased exercise endurance times (p < 0.05) and decreased plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels (p < 0.05), while those in the E/IH901 groups had increased citrate synthase and anti-oxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, IH901 consumption in aging rats after eccentric exercise has beneficial effects on anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities through down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation and up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aging , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Lung/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Panax/chemistry , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sapogenins/administration & dosage , Specific Pathogen-Free OrganismsABSTRACT
The effects of steroidal sapogenin extract from bitter yam or commercial diosgenin on liver enzyme changes were investigated Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1 steroidal sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. Plasma glucose levels and the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assessed Liver total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid were also measured. Plasma glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats fed the three test diets compared to the diabetic control. The three test diets significantly decreased glucose-6-phosphatase activity compared to the diabetic control The activities of ATP-citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the liver of diabetic rats compared to normal control. Supplementation of the diet with bitter yam steroidal sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin did not significantly alter ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities but significantly increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver compared to diabetic rats. This study shows that the feeding of the two test diets to diabetic rats results in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose concentration
Se investigaron los efectos del extracto de sapogenina esteroidal del ñame amargo o la diosgenina comercial, sobre los cambios enzimáticos del hígado. A ratas Wistar machos con diabetes les fueron suministradas dietas con suplementos de 1% de extracto de sapogenina esteroidal o diosgenina comercial por espacio de tres semanas. Se evaluaron los niveles de glucosa plasmática y las actividades de la glucosa-6-fosfatasa hepática, el piruvato kinasa y la glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa. Asimismo fueron medidos el colesterol total del hígado, el colesterol HDL y el fosfolípido total. La glucosa plasmática disminuyó significativamente (p < 0.05) en las ratas diabéticas a las que se les alimentó con las tres dietas de la prueba, en comparación con el control diabético. Las tres dietas de la prueba disminuyeron significativamente la actividad de la glucosa-6-fosfatasa en comparación con el control diabético. Las actividades de la ATP-citrato liasa, la piruvato kinasa y la glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa disminuyeron significativamente en el hígado de las ratas diabéticas, en comparación con el control normal. El suplemento dietético con extracto de sapogenina esteroidal de ñame amargo o la diosgenina comercial no alteró de manera significativa las actividades de la ATP-citrato liasa y la piruvato kinasa, pero aumentó significativamente la actividad de la glucosa-8-fosfato deshidrogenasa en el hígado, en comparación con las ratas diabéticas. Este estudio demuestra que la alimentación con las dos dietas de prueba suministrada a las ratas diabéticas, produce alteraciones en el metabolismo de la glucosa, con la consiguiente reducción de la concentración de glucosa plasmática